"Mu kotala yoyamba, poyang'anizana ndi malo ovuta komanso ovuta padziko lonse lapansi komanso ntchito zovuta zokonzanso, chitukuko ndi kukhazikika kwa dziko, madera ndi madipatimenti onse akhazikitsa mozama zisankho ndi mapulani omwe Komiti Yaikulu ya CPC ndi Bungwe la Boma lapanga, kutsatira mfundo ya "kukhazikika ngati sitepe yoyamba" ndi "kufuna kupita patsogolo pakati pa bata", kukhazikitsa lingaliro latsopano la chitukuko m'njira yokwanira, yolondola komanso yokwanira, kufulumizitsa kumanga njira yatsopano yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko, kuyesetsa kulimbikitsa chitukuko chapamwamba, kugwirizanitsa bwino zochitika ziwiri zapakhomo ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza bwino kupewa ndi kuwongolera miliri ndi chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, kuphatikiza bwino chitukuko ndi chitetezo, ndikuwonetsa ntchito yokhazikitsa bata, ntchito ndi mitengo; kupewa ndi kuwongolera miliri kwapangitsa kusintha mwachangu komanso kosavuta, kupanga ndi kufunikira kwakhazikika ndikukweranso, ntchito ndi mitengo zakhala zokhazikika, ndalama za anthu zikupitirira kukwera, ziyembekezo zamsika zakwera kwambiri, ndipo chuma chayamba bwino ntchito yake." Fu Linghui, wolankhulira National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) komanso director wa Dipatimenti Yoona za Ziwerengero Zambiri pa Zachuma cha Dziko, adatero pamsonkhano wa atolankhani wokhudza momwe chuma cha dziko chikuyendera mu kotala yoyamba yomwe idachitika ndi State Council Information Office pa Epulo 18.
Pa Epulo 18, Ofesi Yodziwitsa Anthu ya Bungwe la Boma inachita msonkhano ndi atolankhani ku Beijing, pomwe Fu Linghui, wolankhulira National Bureau of Statistics komanso director wa Dipatimenti Yoona za Zachuma Padziko Lonse, adayambitsa kayendetsedwe ka chuma cha dzikolo mu kotala yoyamba ya 2023 ndikuyankha mafunso ochokera kwa atolankhani.
Ziwerengero zoyambirira zikusonyeza kuti GDP ya kotala yoyamba inali 284,997,000,000 yuan, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 4.5% pamitengo yokhazikika, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 2.2% ringgit kuposa kotala lachinayi la chaka chatha. Ponena za mafakitale, phindu lowonjezeredwa la mafakitale oyambira linali RMB 11575 biliyoni, kukwera ndi 3.7% pachaka; phindu lowonjezeredwa la mafakitale achiwiri linali RMB 10794.7 biliyoni, kukwera ndi 3.3%; ndipo phindu lowonjezeredwa la mafakitale achitatu linali RMB 165475 biliyoni, kukwera ndi 5.4%.
Gawo loyamba la mafakitale likukula mosalekeza
"Kotala yoyamba ya mafakitale yakula mosalekeza. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha chaka chino, ndi kupewa ndi kuwongolera mliriwu mwachangu komanso mokhazikika, mfundo zokhazikika zakukula zikupitilizabe kuwonetsa zotsatira, kufunikira kwa msika kukukwera, unyolo wogulitsa mafakitale kuti uthandize kubwezeretsa kupanga mafakitale kwawona kusintha kwakukulu." Fu Linghui adati mu kotala yoyamba, mtengo wa mafakitale wapadziko lonse womwe wawonjezeredwa pamwamba pa kukula komwe kwatchulidwa ukuwonjezeka ndi 3.0% pachaka, wofulumira ndi 0.3 peresenti poyerekeza ndi kotala yachinayi ya chaka chatha. M'magulu atatu akuluakulu, mtengo wowonjezera wamakampani opanga migodi udakula ndi 3.2%, makampani opanga zinthu adakula ndi 2.9%, ndipo makampani opanga magetsi, kutentha, gasi ndi madzi ndi magetsi adakula ndi 3.3%. Mtengo wowonjezera wamakampani opanga zida udakula ndi 4.3%, wofulumira ndi 2.5 peresenti kuyambira Januwale mpaka February. Pali makamaka zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
Choyamba, mafakitale ambiri adapitiliza kukula. Mu kotala yoyamba, mwa magawo 41 akuluakulu a mafakitale, magawo 23 adapitiliza kukula chaka ndi chaka, ndi chiwongola dzanja choposa 50%. Poyerekeza ndi kotala yachinayi ya chaka chatha, chiwongola dzanja chowonjezera cha mafakitale 20 chidakweranso.
Kachiwiri, makampani opanga zida amagwira ntchito yothandiza kwambiri. Pamene njira yokweza mafakitale ku China ikukulirakulira, mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa makampani opanga zida zikukwera, ndipo kupanga kumapitiriza kukula mofulumira. Mu kotala yoyamba, phindu la makampani opanga zida likuwonjezeka ndi 4.3% pachaka, 1.3 peresenti yokwera kuposa ya makampani omwe akukonzekera, ndipo thandizo lake pakukula kwa mafakitale opitilira kukula kosankhidwa linafika pa 42.5%. Pakati pawo, makina amagetsi, sitima zapamtunda ndi zombo ndi mafakitale ena adawonjezeka ndi 15.1%, 9.3%.
Chachitatu, gawo lopanga zinthu zopangira lakula mofulumira kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchira kwachuma, kukula kwa ndalama kwalimbitsa mphamvu ya makampani opanga zinthu zopangira, ndipo kupanga kogwirizana nako kwakhala kukukula mofulumira. Mu kotala yoyamba, phindu lowonjezera la kupanga zinthu zopangira lawonjezeka ndi 4.7% pachaka, mfundo 1.7 peresenti kuposa ya makampani ovomerezeka. Pakati pawo, makampani opanga zitsulo zopangira ndi zozungulira zitsulo ndi mafakitale opanga zitsulo zopanda chitsulo adakula ndi 5.9% ndi 6.9% motsatana. Malinga ndi malingaliro a malonda, mu kotala yoyamba, kupanga zitsulo, khumi zopanda chitsulo kunawonjezeka ndi 5.8%, 9%.
Chachinayi, kupanga mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono kunakula. Mu kotala yoyamba, phindu la mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono kuposa kukula komwe kunasankhidwa linakula ndi 3.1% pachaka, mofulumira kuposa kukula kwa mabizinesi onse amakampani kuposa kukula komwe kunasankhidwa. Kafukufuku wa mafunso akuwonetsa kuti mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono omwe anali pansi pa malamulo a Prosperity Index kuposa kotala yachinayi ya chaka chatha, kuwonjezeka kwa 1.7 peresenti, kupanga ndi momwe bizinesi ya mabizinesi abwino imakhalira ndi 1.2 peresenti.
"Kuphatikiza apo, ziyembekezo za mabizinesi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino, PMI ya makampani opanga zinthu yakhala ikuyembekezeka kwa miyezi itatu yotsatizana, zinthu zobiriwira monga magalimoto atsopano amagetsi ndi ma solar cell apitiliza kukula, ndipo kusintha kwa greening yamafakitale kwapitirira. Komabe, tiyeneranso kuwona kuti chilengedwe chapadziko lonse lapansi chikadali chovuta komanso chovuta, pali kusatsimikizika pakukula kwa kufunikira kwakunja, zoletsa za kufunikira kwa msika wakunyumba zikadalipo, mitengo yazinthu zamafakitale ikutsikabe, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a mabizinesi akukumana ndi zovuta zambiri." Fu Linghui adati mu gawo lotsatira, tiyenera kukhazikitsa mfundo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zokhazikitsira kukula, kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukulitsa kufunikira kwamkati, kukulitsa kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu, kusintha mwamphamvu ndikukweza mafakitale achikhalidwe, kulima ndikukula mafakitale atsopano, kulimbikitsa mulingo wapamwamba wa mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa kuperekedwa ndi kufunikira, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chabwino chamakampani.
Malonda akunja a China ndi olimba komanso osinthasintha
Malinga ndi deta yomwe yatulutsidwa posachedwapa ndi General Administration of Customs, ponena za madola aku US, mtengo wotumizira kunja mu Marichi unakwera ndi 14.8% pachaka, pomwe kukula kwawonjezeka ndi 21.6 peresenti poyerekeza ndi Januware-Febuluwale, zomwe zinakhala zabwino koyamba kuyambira Okutobala chaka chatha; kutumiza kunja kunatsika ndi 1.4% pachaka, pomwe kuchepa kwachepa ndi 8.8 peresenti poyerekeza ndi Januware-Febuluwale, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malonda komwe kunapezeka mu Marichi kunali 88.19 biliyoni USD. Kuchita bwino kwa kutumiza kunja mu Marichi kunali bwino kwambiri kuposa momwe tinkayembekezera, pomwe kutumiza kunja kunali kofooka pang'ono kuposa momwe tinkayembekezera. Kodi mphamvu yayikuluyi ikupitilirabe?
"Kuyambira pachiyambi cha chaka chino, katundu wochokera ku China ndi katundu wochokera kunja wapitirira kukula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa katundu womwe unalipo chaka chatha, zomwe sizophweka. Mu kotala loyamba, mtengo wonse wa katundu wochokera kunja ndi katundu wochokera kunja wakula ndi 4.8% chaka ndi chaka, ndipo katundu wochokera kunja wakula ndi 8.4%, zomwe zikupitiriza kukula mofulumira. Sikophweka kukwaniritsa kukula kotere pamene chuma cha padziko lonse chikuchepa ndipo kusatsimikizika kwakunja kuli kwakukulu." Fu Linghui adatero.
Fu Linghui adati mu gawo lotsatira, kukula kwa malonda ochokera kunja ndi kunja kwa China kukukumana ndi mavuto ena, omwe amawonekera kwambiri m'mawu awa: Choyamba, kukula kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi ndi kofooka. Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la International Monetary Fund linaneneratu, chuma cha padziko lonse chikuyembekezeka kukula ndi 2.8% mu 2023, zomwe ndi zochepa kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa chaka chatha. Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la WTO linaneneratu posachedwapa, kuchuluka kwa malonda azinthu padziko lonse lapansi kudzakula ndi 1.7% mu 2023, komwe ndi kotsika kwambiri kuposa chaka chatha. Kachiwiri, pali kusatsimikizika kwakukulu kwakunja. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha chaka chino, kuchuluka kwa kukwera kwa mitengo ku United States ndi Europe kwakhala kwakukulu, mfundo zachuma zalimbikitsidwa mosalekeza, ndipo kuwonekera kwaposachedwa kwa mavuto azachuma m'mabanki ena ku United States ndi Europe kwawonjezera kusakhazikika kwa ntchito zachuma. Nthawi yomweyo, zoopsa za geopolitical zikupitirirabe, ndipo kukwera kwa unilateralism ndi protectionism kwawonjezera kusakhazikika ndi kusatsimikizika mu malonda apadziko lonse lapansi ndi zachuma.
"Ngakhale pali zovuta ndi zovuta, malonda akunja a China amadziwika ndi kulimba mtima komanso mphamvu, ndipo ndi ntchito ya mfundo zosiyanasiyana zokhazikitsira malonda akunja, dzikolo likuyembekezeka kukwaniritsa cholinga cholimbikitsa kukhazikika ndikuwongolera khalidwe chaka chonse." Malinga ndi Fu Linghui, choyamba, dongosolo la mafakitale la China ndi lokwanira ndipo mphamvu zake zoperekera zinthu pamsika ndi zolimba, kotero limatha kusintha mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa msika wofunikira wakunja. Kachiwiri, China ikulimbikira kukulitsa malonda akunja ndikutsegulira dziko lakunja, ndikukulitsa malo ochitira malonda akunja. Mu kotala loyamba, kutumiza ndi kutumiza kwa China kumayiko omwe ali m'mbali mwa "Belt and Road" kwawonjezeka ndi 16.8%, pomwe kumayiko ena omwe ali mamembala a RCEP kwawonjezeka ndi 7.3%, komwe kutumiza kunja kwawonjezeka ndi 20.2%.
Chachitatu, kukula kwa mphamvu zatsopano mu malonda akunja ku China kwawonetsa pang'onopang'ono udindo wake pothandizira kukula kwa malonda akunja. Posachedwapa, General Administration of Customs inanenanso mu lipotilo kuti mu kotala yoyamba, kutumiza kunja kwa magalimoto onyamula anthu amagetsi, mabatire a lithiamu ndi mabatire a dzuwa kunakula ndi 66.9%, ndipo kukula kwa malonda apaintaneti ndi mitundu ina yatsopano ya malonda akunja nako kunalinso kofulumira.
"Kuchokera pamalingaliro omveka bwino, gawo lotsatira lokhazikitsa mfundo zamalonda akunja lidzapitiriza kuwonetsa zotsatira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti malonda akunja akwaniritsidwe chaka chonse kuti alimbikitse kukhazikika ndikukweza ubwino wa cholingacho," adatero Fu Linghui.
Kukula kwachuma pachaka kukuyembekezeka kukwera pang'onopang'ono
"Kuyambira pachiyambi cha chaka chino, chuma cha China chonse chakhala chikubwerera m'mbuyo, ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zikukhazikika ndikubwereranso, mphamvu za eni mabizinesi zikukwera, ndipo ziyembekezo za msika zikukwera kwambiri, ndikuyika maziko abwino okwaniritsira zolinga zachitukuko zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa chaka chonse," adatero Fu Linghui.
Malinga ndi Fu Linghui, kuyambira gawo lotsatira, mphamvu yachilengedwe ya kukula kwachuma ku China ikukwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mfundo zazikulu zikugwira ntchito bwino, kotero ntchito zachuma zikuyembekezeka kusintha kwathunthu. Poganizira kuti chiwerengero cha kotala lachiwiri la chaka chatha chinali chotsika chifukwa cha mliriwu, kuchuluka kwachuma mu kotala lachiwiri la chaka chino kungakhale kofulumira kwambiri kuposa kotala loyamba. Mu kotala lachitatu ndi lachinayi, pamene chiwerengero cha maziko chikukwera, kuchuluka kwa kukula kudzatsika kuchokera ku kotala lachiwiri. Ngati chiwerengero cha maziko sichikuganiziridwa, kukula kwachuma chaka chonse kukuyembekezeka kuwonetsa kukwera pang'onopang'ono. Zinthu zazikulu zothandizira ndi izi:
Choyamba, mphamvu yokoka ya kugwiritsa ntchito ikukwera pang'onopang'ono. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha chaka chino, kugwiritsa ntchito kwakhala kukukwera bwino, ndipo chilimbikitso chake pakukula kwachuma chakhala chikukwera. Chiŵerengero cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito komaliza pakukula kwachuma chakwera kuposa chaka chatha; chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ntchito, kukwezedwa kwa mfundo zogwiritsira ntchito, komanso kuchuluka kwa zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito, mphamvu ya okhalamo yogwiritsira ntchito komanso kufunitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zikuyembekezeka kukwera. Nthawi yomweyo, tikukulitsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndi zida zobiriwira komanso zanzeru m'nyumba, kulimbikitsa kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti ndi pa intaneti, kupanga mitundu yatsopano ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito, ndikufulumizitsa kukweza mtundu ndi kukula kwa msika wakumidzi, zonse zomwe zimathandiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kupitirire kukula ndikuyendetsa kukula kwachuma.
Chachiwiri, kukula kokhazikika kwa ndalama kukuyembekezeka kupitirira. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, madera osiyanasiyana akhala akulimbikitsa kwambiri kuyamba kwa ntchito yomanga mapulojekiti akuluakulu, ndipo ndalama zapitiliza kukula bwino. Mu kotala yoyamba, ndalama zokhazikika zakula ndi 5.1%. Mu gawo lotsatira, ndi kusintha ndi kukweza mafakitale achikhalidwe, chitukuko chatsopano cha mafakitale atsopano chidzapitirira, ndipo kuthandizira chuma chenicheni chidzawonjezeka, zomwe zidzathandiza kuti ndalama zikule. Mu kotala yoyamba, ndalama mu gawo lopanga zidakula ndi 7%, mofulumira kuposa kukula konse kwa ndalama. Pakati pawo, ndalama mu kupanga zinthu zamakono zakula ndi 15.2%. Ndalama zomanga zomangamanga zakula mofulumira. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, madera osiyanasiyana akhala akulimbikitsa kwambiri ntchito yomanga zomangamanga, ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwonekera pang'onopang'ono. Mu kotala yoyamba, ndalama zomanga zomangamanga zakwera ndi 8.8% chaka ndi chaka, zomwe zikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika.
Chachitatu, kusintha ndi kukweza mafakitale kwabweretsa chilimbikitso chachikulu. China yakhazikitsa mozama njira yopangira zinthu zatsopano, yalimbitsa mphamvu zake zasayansi ndi ukadaulo, ndikulimbikitsa kukweza ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale, ndi chitukuko chachangu cha maukonde a 5G, chidziwitso, luntha lochita kupanga ndi ukadaulo wina, komanso kubuka kwa mafakitale atsopano; phindu la makampani opanga zida lakula ndi 4.3% mu kotala yoyamba, ndipo mphamvu yaukadaulo yamakampaniyi yakhala ikukwera pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, liwiro la kusintha kwa mphamvu zobiriwira komanso zotsika mpweya lawonjezeka, kufunikira kwa zinthu zatsopano kwakula, ndipo mafakitale achikhalidwe awonjezeka pakusunga mphamvu, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusintha, ndipo zotsatira zake zawonjezekanso. Mu kotala yoyamba, kutulutsa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndi maselo a dzuwa kwakhala kukukulirakulira mwachangu. Kukula kwapamwamba, kwanzeru komanso kobiriwira kwa mafakitale kudzawonjezera chilimbikitso chatsopano pakukula kwachuma cha China.
Chachinayi, mfundo zachuma zapitilira kuwonetsa zotsatira. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha chaka chino, madera ndi madipatimenti onse atsatira mzimu wa Msonkhano Wapakati wa Ntchito Zachuma ndi lipoti la ntchito la Boma kuti akwaniritse dongosololi, ndipo mfundo zabwino zachuma zalimbikitsidwa kuti ziwongolere kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mfundo zachuma zanzeru komanso zamphamvu, zomwe zikuwonetsa ntchito ya kukula kosalekeza, ntchito zokhazikika komanso mitengo yokhazikika, ndipo zotsatira za ndondomekoyi zakhala zikuonekera nthawi zonse, ndipo ntchito zachuma mu kotala loyamba zakhazikika ndikubwerera m'mbuyo.
"Mu gawo lotsatira, ndi zisankho ndi mapulani a Komiti Yaikulu ya Chipani ndi Bungwe la Boma kuti apitirize kugwiritsa ntchito tsatanetsatane, zotsatira za mfundozi zidzaonekeranso, kukula kwa chitukuko cha zachuma ku China kudzapitirira kulimba, ndikulimbikitsa kayendetsedwe ka zachuma pobwezeretsa zabwino." Fu Linghui adatero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-23-2023
