ChofukulaNdi makina omangira nthaka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri omwe amagwira ntchito makamaka pokumba ndi kunyamula katundu, komanso kukweza nthaka, kukonza malo otsetsereka, kukweza, kuphwanya, kugwetsa, kukumba ngalande ndi ntchito zina. Chifukwa chake, yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga misewu monga misewu ikuluikulu ndi njanji, kumanga milatho, kumanga mizinda, mabwalo a ndege, madoko ndi kumanga malo osungira madzi. Chifukwa chake momwe mungasankhire chokumba chomwe chikugwirizana ndi polojekiti yanu ndikusankha chokumba chapamwamba kwambiri mutha kuweruzidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zotsatirazi zofunika.
1. Kulemera kwa ntchito:
Chimodzi mwa magawo atatu akuluakulu a chofukula, chimatanthauza kulemera konse kwa chofukula chokhala ndi zida zogwirira ntchito, choyendetsa ndi mafuta okwanira. Kulemera kogwirira ntchito kumatsimikiza mulingo wa chofukulacho komanso kumatsimikiza malire apamwamba a mphamvu yakukumba ya chofukulacho.
2. Mphamvu ya injini:
Chimodzi mwa magawo atatu akuluakulu a chofukula, chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mphamvu yayikulu ndi mphamvu yonse, zomwe zimatsimikiza momwe chofukulacho chimagwirira ntchito.
(1) Mphamvu yonse (SAE J1995) imatanthauza mphamvu yotulutsa yomwe imayesedwa pa flywheel ya injini popanda zowonjezera zomwe zimadya mphamvu monga ma muffler, mafani, ma alternator ndi zosefera mpweya. (2) Mphamvu yoyambira: 1) imatanthauza mphamvu yotulutsa yomwe imayesedwa pa flywheel ya injini pamene zowonjezera zonse zomwe zimadya mphamvu monga muffler, fan, jenereta ndi fyuluta ya mpweya zimayikidwa. 2) imatanthauza mphamvu yotulutsa yomwe imayesedwa pa flywheel ya injini pamene zowonjezera zomwe zimadya mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuti injini igwire ntchito, makamaka mafani, zimayikidwa.
3. Kuchuluka kwa chidebe:
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chidebecho, chimatanthauza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe chidebecho chingakweze. Chidebecho chingakhale ndi mabaketi amitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo. Kusankha bwino mphamvu ya chidebecho ndi njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yowonjezerera magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Kuchuluka kwa zidebe nthawi zambiri kumagawidwa m'magulu awiri: kuchuluka kwa zidebe zodzaza ndi mphamvu ya zidebe zodzaza ndi mphamvu ya zidebe zosalala. Mphamvu ya zidebe zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi mphamvu ya zidebe zodzaza. Kuchuluka kwa zidebe zodzaza kuli ndi mitundu iwiri malinga ndi ngodya yachilengedwe yopumulira: mphamvu ya zidebe zodzaza ndi mphamvu ya zidebe zodzaza ndi mphamvu ya zidebe zodzaza ndi mphamvu ya zidebe zodzaza ndi mphamvu ya zidebe zodzaza ndi mphamvu ya 1:2.
4. Mphamvu yokumba
Kuphatikizapo mphamvu yokumba ya mkono wokumba ndi mphamvu yokumba ya chidebe. Mphamvu ziwiri zokumba zili ndi mphamvu zosiyana. Mphamvu yokumba ya mkono wokumba imachokera ku silinda ya mkono wokumba, pomwe mphamvu yokumba ya chidebe imachokera ku silinda ya chidebe.
Malinga ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana za mphamvu yokumba, njira zowerengera ndi kuyeza za chofukula zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
(1) Muyezo wa ISO: Malo ogwirira ntchito ali m'mphepete mwa tsamba la chidebe.
(2) SAE, PCSA, GB standard: Malo ogwirira ntchito ali kumapeto kwa dzino la chidebe.
5. Ntchito zosiyanasiyana
Amatanthauza dera lamkati la mzere wolumikiza malo ofunikira kwambiri omwe nsonga ya dzino la chidebe imatha kufikira pamene chofukula sichikuzungulira. Ofukula nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kuti afotokoze bwino momwe ntchito ikuyendera. Nthawi zambiri ntchito ya chofukula imawonetsedwa ndi magawo monga radius yayikulu yofukula, kuya kwakukulu kofukula, ndi kutalika kwakukulu kofukula.
6. Kukula kwa mayendedwe
Amatanthauza miyeso yakunja ya chofukula chomwe chili mu mayendedwe. Mkhalidwe woyendera nthawi zambiri umatanthauza chofukula chomwe chayimitsidwa pamalo osalala, mapulaneti apakati a matupi apamwamba ndi apansi ali ofanana, silinda ya chidebe ndi silinda ya mkono wofukula zimatambasulidwa kutalika kwambiri, boom imatsitsidwa mpaka chipangizo chogwirira ntchito chikakhudza pansi, ndipo ziwalo zonse zotseguka zimakhala mu ndende yotsekedwa ya chofukulacho.
7. Liwiro la kupalasa ndi mphamvu yopalasa
(1) Liwiro la kupalasa limatanthauza liwiro lalikulu kwambiri lomwe chopakira chingathe kufikapo pozungulira mokhazikika chikatulutsidwa. Liwiro lodziwika bwino la kupalasa silikutanthauza liwiro la kupalasa poyambira kapena kuletsa. Pazinthu zonse zofukula, chopakira chikagwira ntchito pakati pa 0° mpaka 180°, mota yopakira imathamanga ndikutsika. Ikazungulira kufika pa 270° mpaka 360°, liwiro la kupalasa limafika pamlingo wokhazikika.
(2) Mphamvu yodulira imatanthauza mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yomwe makina odulira a excavator amatha kupanga. Kukula kwa mphamvu yodulira kumatsimikizira kuthekera kwa excavator kufulumizitsa ndikutseka slewing, ndipo ndi chizindikiro chofunikira poyesa momwe slewing imagwirira ntchito.
8. Liwiro la ulendo ndi kusuntha kwake
Kwa makina odulira zinthu zokwawa, nthawi yoyenda imakhala pafupifupi 10% ya nthawi yonse yogwirira ntchito. Kawirikawiri, makina odulira zinthu amakhala ndi zida ziwiri zoyendera: liwiro lapamwamba ndi liwiro lochepa. Liwiro lawiri limatha kukwaniritsa bwino momwe makina odulira zinthu amayendera komanso momwe amayendera pansi.
(1) Mphamvu yokoka imatanthauza mphamvu yokoka yopingasa yomwe imapangidwa pamene chofukula chikuyenda pansi mopingasa. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza ndi monga kusuntha kwa giya yothamanga pang'ono kwa injini yoyendera, kuthamanga kwa ntchito, kukula kwa mawilo oyendetsa, kulemera kwa makina, ndi zina zotero. Ofukula nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yokoka yayikulu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yolemera nthawi 0.7 mpaka 0.85 kuposa kulemera kwa makina.
(2) Liwiro loyenda limatanthauza liwiro lalikulu loyenda la chofukula poyenda pansi pa nthaka yokhazikika. Liwiro loyenda la zofukula zamadzimadzi zokwawa nthawi zambiri silipitirira 6km/h. Zofukula zamadzimadzi zokwawa sizili zoyenera kuyenda mtunda wautali. Liwiro loyenda ndi mphamvu yokoka zimasonyeza kusinthasintha ndi kuthekera koyenda kwa chofukula.
9. Luso lokwera phiri
Mphamvu yokwera ya chofukula imatanthauza kuthekera kokwera, kutsika, kapena kuyima pamalo olimba komanso otsetsereka. Pali njira ziwiri zofotokozera izi: ngodya ndi peresenti: (1) Ngodya yokwera θ nthawi zambiri imakhala 35°. (2) Tebulo la peresenti tanθ = b/a, nthawi zambiri 70%. Chizindikiro cha microcomputer nthawi zambiri chimakhala 30° kapena 58%.
10. Mphamvu yonyamulira
Kutha kunyamula kumatanthauza kuchepa kwa mphamvu yonyamula yokhazikika komanso mphamvu yonyamula ya hydraulic.
(1) Mphamvu yokweza yokhazikika ndi 75% ya katundu wonyamula.
(2) Mphamvu yokweza ya hydraulic yomwe ili ndi 87% ya mphamvu yokweza ya hydraulic.
Kutengera ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa, mutha kudziwa kuti ndi chofukula chiti chomwe chili chabwino kwambiri kutengera momwe ntchito yaukadaulo imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe zida zilili.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-25-2024
