Wofukulandi makina omanga amitundu yambiri omwe amagwira ntchito makamaka kukumba ndi kukweza nthaka, komanso kusanja nthaka, kukonza malo otsetsereka, kukweza, kuphwanya, kugwetsa, kudula mitengo ndi ntchito zina. Choncho, wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga misewu monga misewu yayikulu ndi njanji, kumanga mlatho, kumanga m'matauni, mabwalo a ndege, madoko ndi zomangamanga zosungira madzi. Kotero momwe mungasankhire chofukula chomwe chikugwirizana ndi polojekiti yanu ndikusankha chofukula chapamwamba chikhoza kuweruzidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zotsatirazi.
1. Kulemera kwa ntchito:
Chimodzi mwa magawo atatu akuluakulu a chofukula, chimatanthawuza kulemera kwake kwa chofufutira chokhala ndi zipangizo zogwirira ntchito, dalaivala ndi mafuta athunthu. Kulemera kwa opaleshoni kumatsimikizira mlingo wa chofufutira komanso kumatsimikizira malire apamwamba a mphamvu yakukumba ya excavator.
2. Mphamvu ya injini:
Chimodzi mwa magawo atatu akuluakulu a excavator, amagawidwa mu mphamvu zazikulu ndi mphamvu za ukonde, zomwe zimatsimikizira mphamvu ya ntchito ya excavator.
(1) Gross Power (SAE J1995) imatanthawuza mphamvu yotulutsa yomwe imayeza pa injini yowuluka popanda zida zowononga mphamvu monga ma mufflers, mafani, ma alternators ndi zosefera mpweya. (2) Mphamvu ya Net: 1) imatanthawuza mphamvu yotulutsa yomwe imayesedwa pa injini ya flywheel pamene zida zonse zowononga mphamvu monga muffler, fan, jenereta ndi fyuluta ya mpweya zimayikidwa. 2) imatanthawuza mphamvu yotulutsa yomwe imayezedwa pa injini yowuluka pomwe zida zowononga mphamvu zopangira injini, nthawi zambiri mafani, zimayikidwa.
3. Kuchuluka kwa ndowa:
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zitatu za chofukula, chimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe ndowa imatha kunyamula. Chofukula chimatha kukhala ndi zidebe zamitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo. Kusankha koyenera kwa chidebe ndi njira imodzi yofunika yopititsira patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Kuchuluka kwa zidebe nthawi zambiri kumagawika mu chidebe chowunjika komanso chidebe chophwanyika. Kuchuluka kwa ndowa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi zofukula ndikuchuluka kwa zidebe. Chidebe chowunjidwa chili ndi mitundu iwiri molingana ndi ngodya yachilengedwe yopumira: 1: 1 yowunjidwa chidebe ndi kuchuluka kwa ndowa 1:2.
4. Mphamvu yakukumba
Zimaphatikizapo kukumba mphamvu ya mkono wokumba ndi kukumba kwa chidebe. Mphamvu ziwiri zakukumba zili ndi mphamvu zosiyana. Mphamvu yokumba ya mkono wokumba imachokera ku silinda ya mkono wokumba, pamene mphamvu yokumba ya ndowa imachokera ku silinda ya ndowa.
Malinga ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana za mphamvu yakukumba, mawerengedwe ndi njira zoyezera zofukula zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
(1) Muyezo wa ISO: Malo ochitirapo kanthu ali m'mphepete mwa chidebe.
(2) SAE, PCSA, GB muyezo: Malo ochitirapo kanthu ali kumapeto kwa dzino la ndowa.
5. Ntchito zosiyanasiyana
Zimatanthawuza gawo lamkati la mzere wolumikiza malo apamwamba kwambiri omwe nsonga ya dzino la ndowa imatha kufika pamene chofukula sichikuzungulira. Ofukula nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kuti afotokoze momveka bwino ntchito. Mitundu yogwiritsira ntchito chofukula nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa ndi magawo monga utali wokulirapo wakukumba, kuya kwakuya kwambiri, komanso kutalika kokulirapo.
6. Kukula kwamayendedwe
Amatanthauza miyeso yakunja ya excavator mu zoyendera boma. Malo oyendetsa nthawi zambiri amatanthauza chofukula chomwe chayimitsidwa pamalo athyathyathya, ndege zapakati ndi zazitali zam'mwamba ndi zam'munsi zimafanana wina ndi mnzake, silinda ya ndowa ndi silinda yamanja yokumba imakulitsidwa mpaka kutalika kwambiri, boom imatsitsidwa mpaka ntchito chipangizo kukhudza pansi, ndi mbali zonse openable ali chatsekedwa boma la excavator.
7. Kuthamanga kothamanga ndi torque
(1) Liwiro la slewing limatanthawuza kuthamanga kwapakati komwe wofukula angakwaniritse akamazungulira mokhazikika akamatsitsa. Liwiro lakuombera lodziwika silikutanthauza liwiro la kupha poyambira kapena kuboma. Pazinthu zofukula wamba, chofukula chikagwira ntchito mumitundu ya 0 ° mpaka 180 °, chowotcha chimathamanga ndikuthamanga. Ikazungulira mpaka 270 ° mpaka 360 °, liwiro lakupha limafikira kukhazikika.
(2) Torque yowotchera imatanthawuza torque yayikulu kwambiri yomwe makina owombera okumba amatha kupanga. Kukula kwa torque yowotchera kumatsimikizira kuthekera kwa wofukula kuti apititse patsogolo ndikuphwanya chowotcha, ndipo ndi chizindikiro chofunikira poyezera momwe wofukula amagwirira ntchito.
8. Liwiro laulendo ndi mayendedwe
Kwa ofukula zokwawa, nthawi yaulendo imakhala pafupifupi 10% ya nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, ofukula amakhala ndi zida ziwiri zoyendera: kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutsika. Liwiro lapawiri limatha kukumana ndi kukwera kwa ofukula komanso kuyenda kwapansi panthaka.
(1) Mphamvu yokoka imatanthawuza mphamvu yokoka yopingasa yomwe imapangidwa pamene chofukula chikuyenda pamtunda wopingasa. Zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusuntha kwa magalimoto othamanga, kuthamanga kwa ntchito, gudumu loyendetsa phula, kulemera kwa makina, ndi zina zotero. Zofukula nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zokoka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala 0,7 mpaka 0.85 kulemera kwa makina.
(2) Liwiro loyenda limatanthawuza kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa ulendo wa wofukula pamene akuyenda pamtunda wokhazikika. Liwiro lakuyenda kwa ofukula ma hydraulic excavator nthawi zambiri sapitilira 6km/h. Zofukula za Crawler hydraulic sizoyenera kuyenda mtunda wautali. Liwiro loyenda ndi mphamvu zokoka zimawonetsa kuwongolera ndi kuthekera kwakuyenda kwa wofukula.
9. Kukhoza kukwera
Kutha kukwera kwa chofukula kumatanthauza kukwera, kutsika, kapena kuyima pamalo otsetsereka olimba. Pali njira ziwiri zofotokozera: ngodya ndi kuchuluka kwake: (1) Kukwera θ nthawi zambiri kumakhala 35 °. (2) Peresenti ya tebulo tanθ = b/a, kawirikawiri 70%. Mndandanda wa microcomputer nthawi zambiri ndi 30 ° kapena 58%.
10. Kukweza mphamvu
Mphamvu yokweza imatanthawuza kucheperako kwa mphamvu yokweza yokhazikika komanso mphamvu yokweza ma hydraulic.
(1) Adavotera mphamvu yokweza yokhazikika 75% ya katundu wowongolera.
(2) Mphamvu yokweza ma hydraulic 87% ya mphamvu yokweza ma hydraulic.
Kutengera zomwe tafotokozazi, mutha kudziwa kuti ndi chofukula chiti chomwe chili chabwino kwambiri potengera momwe amagwirira ntchito ndiukadaulo wa zida.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-25-2024
